Dr. Shamsheer Abbas

  Dyspepsia It is a term loosely applied to all upper gastrointestinal system. The symptoms included under dyspepsia are :- Vague upper abdominal pain related to food.  Heart burn or gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms.  Anorexia, nausea, vomiting.  Flatulence and aerophagy.  Abdominal distension or bloating.  Common causes of dyspepsia  Organic :- Gastro-oesophageal reflex disease.  Crohn's disease Cardiac failure ( congestive gastopathy)  Renal failure Hepatic failure Diseases of gall bladder and pancreas Drug induced Alcohol Pregnancy Functional and psychiatric disorders Anxiety neurosis Depression Non ulcer dyspepsia Irritable bowel syndrome The dyspeptic symptoms commonly ecountered in clinical practice have been found to be of psychiatric basis rather than organic cause.  Flatulent dyspepsia is a term used for symptoms of flatulence, bloating and belching with or without abdominal pain. 

  Sinusitis It is an infection of paranasal sinuses caused by bacteria ( streptococci H. Influenzae ) or virus or fungus. It is commonly associated with an upper respiratory infection and severe asthma ( nasobronchial allergy).  Symptoms include frontal headache, running nose, sneezing, fever and facial pain. There is tenderness over the sinuses. The headache of sinusitis may be confused with migraine and trigeminal neuralgia.  Treatment for bacterial sinusitis is done by broad spectrum antibiotics ( eg. Amoxiclav, amoxicillin), nasal decongestant ( eg. Xylometazoline), anti-inflammatory nasal spray ( fluticasone propionate) to reduce mucosal swelling. 

Acute coryzae It is an infective disorder caused by picorna group of rhinoviruses.  It is highly infectious and produces mild illness.  It is transmitted from patient to healthy person by close personal contact and by droplet.  Overcrowding and poor sanitation facilitate the spread.  The incubation period is 12 hours to 5 days.  The symptoms and signs include fever, malaise, running nose, tiredness and sore throat. There is frequent sneezing.  The watery nasal discharge eventually becomes thick and mucopurulent and persists for a week. It is self-limiting, needs only antipyretic and antihistaminics for symptomatic relief.